Photographic printing machine or apparatus



June 9, V1936.

A. LUDWIG PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINE OR APPARATUS Filed sept. 29, 193s 4. Sheets-Sheet 1 June 9, 1936. A- UDW|G. 2,043,928

PHTOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINE OR APPARATUS Filed Sept. 29, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 LEA atto/w.: 5

June 9, 1936.

A. LUDWIG PHOTOGRAPH'C PRINTING MACHINE OR APPARATUS Filed sept. 29, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet C5 June 9, 1936. A ALUDwlG `PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINE OR APPARATUS Filedsept. 29, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 f' JJ.

Patented June 9, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINE 0R APPARATUS 47 Claims.

A fundamental purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus by which enlargements may be made from photographic negatives very much more rapidly than is now possible with the enlarging equipment commonly used.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide an apparatus by which enlarged prints may -be made on chloride paper from photographic negatives of the small sizes commonly used in amateur photography.

A third fundamental purpose of the invention is to provide a machine whose parts are so arranged that theymay be quickly adjusted to change the degree of magnification so that enlarged prints of one selected size may be made from negatives of various sizes.

In explanation of the foregoing purposes mention is made oi the fact that with apparatus now in use in making enlargements from photo- 20 graphic negatives bromide paper is used for the prints. This paper is much more expensive than chloride paper, and, notwithstanding that it has a very high speed emulsion, the process of malring each print with the apparatus now employed consumes considerable time. The making of enlarged prints of one size on chloride paper from negatives which are of varying sizes, at a speed comparable with that possible when making con tact prints is not possible with any apparatus hitherto produced, as far as I know.

The cameras which are commonly used in amateur photography, so-called, produce negatives of small size, usually ranging from tWo and one-half inches by four and one-fourth inches (2l/2 x 41AM) down to three-fourths of an inch by one inch x 1). These sizes are popular because of the small outlay for the cameras and films as compared with the outlay for cameras and lms of larger size, but since contact prints made therefrom are essentially of the same size as the negative, such prints usually are too small to be desirable. On the other han-d, the expense of producing enlarged prints on bromide paper from these small negatives with apparatus now in use is such 'that the in stances in which such enlargements are made are rare in, comparison with the number of times the producer oi the nega-tive would like to have enlarged prints therefrom: and no equipment by which various sii/ies of these small negatives may be enlarged in the speedy and economical production of chioiide prints of one desirable sia-e, common to .all the smaller sizes of negatives, has hitherto been provided.

Therefore. an apparatus which is capable of making enlargements of one selected size, as three and one-fourth inches by five and one-half inches, for example, from negatives or" any of the before mentioned small sizes and at a cost very little, if any, more than that incident to the production of contact prints from negatives having the dimensions of said selected size, will fill a want which has not heretofore been satisfied: and it is with this idea in mind that the apparatus constituting the subject of the instant application for patent has been produced. However, the usefulness of the instant invention is not essentially confined to the producing of enlarged prints of the dimensions stated, or to the use of chloride paper for the prints, since it is applicable, merely by correspondingly increasing itssize, to the production of enlargements on bromide paper from negatives of larger sizes than those hereinbefore mentioned, at a speed greatly in excess of that possible with the enlarging equipment now being used.

In pursuance of the foregoing purposes, my invention contemplates the provision of a photographic enlarging apparatus which includes, among other things: (1) a station (hereinafter called viewing station) at which the negative to be projected is inspected to determine its density and hence the time it should be expcsed, and at which also a mask, when required, maybe properly "icsitiened with respect to the negative, and a see-.ond .station (hereinafter called exposure station) which is occupied by the negative While a print is being made therefrom, together with a negative carrier, adapted to be opened and closed for the insertion and removal of the negative and mask and which is movable from either of said stations to the other: (2) separate lighting means for the viewing and exposure stations, respectively, together with means by which each of said lights is turned on and .l

on at predetermined stages in the movements of the negative carrier: (3) a holder for the sensitized sheet upon which the print is to be made, said holder being adapted to be opened for the convenient insertion and removal of said sheet and to be closed in a position in which it supi ports said sheet in proper relaticnship with the jecting elements are relatively adjustable to focus the apparatus for different degrees of magnification: and (6) a relative arrangement; of the viewing station, paper holder and means for adjusting the focus of the apparatus and for moving the negative carrier, such that an operative, seated in front of the apparatus, may insert the negative and the selected mask into the negative holder, adjust them in their proper relationships, insert the sensitized paper in the paper holder, inspect the negative to determine the length of the exposure required, adjust the focus of the apparatus and move the neg'ative holder from the viewing station to the exposure station, and back to the viewing station, open and close the paper holder, as well as remove the negative and mask from the negative holder and the print from the paper holder, all with the utmost speed and without leaving his or her seat.

Other purposes of the invention are to so construct and correlate the several parts of the apparatus that the fundamental purposes hereinbefore stated may be carried out by means of most practicable nature.

The accompanying drawings illustrate certain preferred constructions and correlations of parts embodied in an apparatus designed for the production of prints of a certain size from negatives of different sizes (as the sizes hereinbefore mentioned, for example); but it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the illustrated details of construction and correlation of parts, or to the production of enlargements of the stated size or from negatives of the sizes mentioned, and, in short, I would have it understood that the invention may be otherwise and variously embodied, in whole or in part, without departing from its spirit as defined by appended claims. In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one preferred embodiment of the invention and shows in full lines the position of the parts prior to a printing operation and in dotted outline the position of said parts during the printing operation, and also shows in dotted outline the' face member of the negative carrier in the position it occupies when the carrier is open for the insertion or removal of a negative and/or a mask. l

Fig. 1a is a detail view particularly intended to illustrate a means to indicate the proper focal points to which the paper holder should be adjusted relatively to its supporting means for the various sizes of negatives and to hold said paper holder in its various positions of adjustment.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the apparatus and shows the position of the parts prior to the printing operation. V

Fig. 3 is a detail representation, in vertical section, on a larger scale than the preceding iigures, particularly intended to show the exposure station and the negative carrier in position thereat.

Fig. 4 is a detail representation, showing a part of the negative carrier, with a mask and a negative therein, viewed from the front.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section, onl the line 5-5 of Fig. 6, showing means by which unitary and relative adjustments of the paper holder and projecting lens to control the degree of magnification and to maintain sharp focus of the projected image, are effected from a common operating means.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section on the line 6-6 of F12. 2.

Fig. 7 is a detail representation particularly intended to show the means by which the negative carrier is connected to the operating mechanism and the means for controlling the pilot light at the viewing station. 5

Fig. 8 is a detail representation of the part of the slide to which the paper holder is connected I and a part of the longitudinal extensible link and shows the connection between one end of the link and the corresponding end of the slide. 10

Fig. 9 is a detail cross section which extends through one of the guiding tracks for the slide to which the paper holder is connected and is particularly intended to show a means employed in adjusting the slide laterally and to thereby 15 center lthe paper holder with the optical axis of the apparatus and by which wear between said slide and track may be taken up.

Fig. 10 is a detail sectional representation particularly intended to show the yieldable connec- 20 tion between the movable member of the paper holder and the means by which said member. is moved relatively to the xed member of the holder. r

Fig. 11 is a plan view showing an embodiment 2* of the invention in which the relative adjustments of the paper holderand projecting lens are controlled by means operated independently of the means by which said paper holder and lens are adjusted as a unit; and 30 Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the means shown in Fig. 11.

A designates a light chamber, A a reilecting chamber and B a condensing chamber: Mounted in the iight chamber is the electric lamp bulb 35 III, which contains the source of light by which in the wall between the chambers -A and A' and 45' impinge upon a mirror I I by which they are bent at right angles and pass into the condensing chamber B and through a condensing system therein here shown as comprising a pair of lenses respectively marked b, b'. 50 Thediffuser I2 serves to eliminate the sharp outline o1' silver grains in the emulsion which become very apparent with high magnification. It is preferably formed of ground glass and attention is called to the fact that it is arranged ad- 55 jacent the lamp bulb I0 instead of between the condensing lenses or immediately in front of or behind the condensing system as customary. I have found by experiment that avery great increase in the speed of printing without any `appreciable loss of the diffusing eifect or the ground glass is obtained by placing the diffuser in close proximity to the source of illumination and that the increase of speed is proportionate to the proximity of the diffuser to the source of illumination and hence I have arranged it, as shown, contiguous to the surface of the lamp bulb presented to the reflecting chamber. It is shown outside said bulb since this is the most practica- 7 ble arrangement, having in mind the ordinary bulbs now obtainable in the open market, but it is not essential that it be outside the bulb, and, in fact, as already suggested, it is one of the important features of the instant invention that it be as close to the source of light (that is, the lamp filament enclosed within the bulb) as practicable.

I prefer to so connect the lamp I 0, diffuser I2 and reflector I3 with each other that they may be adjusted as a unit, back and forth, relatively to the condensing system, and also to provide for adjustment of the reflector relatively to the lamp ill. A suitable arrangement for this purpose comprises a rack M to which the lamp l0 and diffuser i2 are connected and which projects rearwardly from said lamp and is engaged by a pinion l5 which is mounted on a shaft I6 which extends to the outside of the chamber A and has an appropriate operating knob at its outer end: and a rearward projection I8 from said lamp upon which is mounted a reflector carrier i9 which is adjustable longitudinally and also pivotally upon said projection and is provided with an appropriate clamping screw 2t for securing it xedly in any of its adjusted positions relatively to the lamp.

The condensing system may consist of any suitable combination of lenses. The combination illustrated comprises a concave-convex lens, b, and a plano-convex lens b. Such a condensing system when employed with a mirror i3 accumulates a large percentage of light issuing from the bulb and focuses it at or near the optical center of the projecting lens 2t, presently described,

thus producing an evenly lighted field in the plane of the sensitized paper held in the exposing position on the paper holder F,

The projecting part of the apparatus, exclusive o the source of illumination and the condensing system, is designated as a whole by the letter D and, as here shown, includes the usuai bellows 2i, or any other appropriate chamber permitting contraction and extension for focusing purposes, together with an appropriate projecting lens t2 at its lower end, suitable chamber 23 at its upper end, which is aligned with and spaced from the condensing chamber B and a chamber E having therein a prism il@ which is arranged to receive the rays of light from the projecting lens 22 and to direct the same forwardly and onto the sensitized paper held in the holder F.

Attention is called to the facts that inthe illustrated apparatus the reflecting chamber A is arranged at one side of and contiguous to the light chamber A and that the condensing system and chambers 23, 2| and E are arranged beneath the reecting chamber and in vertical alinement with each other, and also that the paper holder F is arranged vertically and in front of the chamber E containing the prism 24.

G indicates the viewing station and G the exposure station, the latter being the space between the chamber 23 and the condensing lens b and being somewhat elevated with respect to the viewing station, which, as shown, is arranged at a higher elevation than but close to the paper holder. In this illustrated embodiment of the invention both the paper holder F and the viewing station G are so positioned thatthey will be within easy reach of an operative seated in front of the apparatus and within his or her line of vision. A pilot light 26 is arranged at the viewing station, within an appropriate chamber 21 having one or more diiusipg Windows 28, preferably formed of ground glass.

H designates the negative carrier, as a whole. Means, such as those hereinafter set forth, are provided for moving the negative carrier in an arcuate path between the viewing station and exposure station, and said negative carrier and both of said stations are relatively so formed that the movements of said carrier will not be interfered with and at the same time there will be no danger of dissipation of the rays of light from the lamp l0 and pilot light 2B between the negative carrier and the chamber 21 in the one position of said carrier and between the negative carrier and the chambers B and 23 in the other position of said carrier.

The preferred embodiment of the negative carrier comprises a member h, in the form of an open frame provided with a transparent window 29, and a separately formed member h', similarly of open frame construction and whose lower edge is pivotally connected, as by spring hinges 363, Fig.' 4, to the lower end of the member h. The member h' accordingly may be swung outward from its lower edge and relatively to the member h. for the convenient insertion and removal 'of the negative X and mask X. The springs oi the hinges exert tension on the member h', to thereby hold said member firmly against the member h while permitting the described relative movement of said members.

As hereinbefore stated, the negative carrier moves in an arcuate path from the viewing station to the exposure station and back to the viewing station and the contacting portions of the negative carrier, chamber 2l, chamber 23 and condensing chamber B are correspondingly formed. Thus the forward edge, 3l, of each side of the chamber, 2l, and the upper edge ii of each side of the chamber 23 are curved, and the rear or inner side of the member h of the negative carrier has a correspondingly curved element 35i at each of its sides to contact with the edges of said sides 3i and 32 in the respective positions of said negative carrier; and the condensing chamber is provided at each of its sides with a downward projection 34 having a correspondingly curved lower edge and the member h' of the negative carrier has a. forwardly extending projection 35 with correspondingly curved outer edges to lie against the corresponding projection 34 when the negative carrier is at the projecting or printing station. The negative carrier and the chambers 23 and B are also provided with elements which coact to exclude outside light and prevent dissipation of the rays of the illuminating elements as hereinbefcre suggested. 'Ihese elements include a flange 3B spaced from the corresponding projection 34, at each side of the opening in the lower surface of the condensing chamber B and a flange 31 which connects the rear ends of the flange 36 with each other and also includes a projection 38 which extends across the' rear side of the chamber 23, between the upper side edges 32 of the latter and projects outwardly at both ends beyond the corresponding sides of said chamber, and further includes a flange 39 extending across the lower end of the negative carrier, below the spring hinges. The flanges 31 and 38 act as stops against which the rear side of the negative carrier rests when in its printing or projecting position.

The paper holder, F, comprises a :fixed member f, and a member f1 having its lower edge hingedly connected to the loweredge of the member f, at 40. The xed member f, called easel is provided with a transparent plate 4I against which the movable member f1, called platen, presses the sensitized paper for the actual printing operation. Said movable member when in its open position, receives the sensitized paper upon which the print is to be made and in its closing movement carries said paper to and holds it against the plate 4I.

Movement of said platen f1 away from the easel f is limited by a stop f2, which in conjunction with the spring 6 i, (Fig. 8) hereinafter described, holds the platen in its proper position during the operation of adjusting the apparatus for various degrees of magnication.

The platen f1 is provided with means, including resiliently supported members f3 and f5, which respectively engage a side and the bottom edges `of the paper and serve conjointly to define the position of the paper and to hold it in said position on the platen during the opening and closing movements of the platen and while the print is being made. In the illustrative embodiment of this 'part of the invention (see Fig. 10) a plate f4 formed of spring metal has its upper end suitably secured to the forward surface of the platen f1 and its opposite end is bent rearwardly and extended through an opening in the platen and formed to provide an upwardly open horizontally disposed clip which constitutes the member f5. The member f3, in said illustrative embodiment, is similarly formed but is arranged to provide a vertically disposed clip whose inner longitudinal side is open to receive the corresponding edge of the paper. The tendency of the springs is to hold the clip f3 away from the rear surface of the platen and to hold the clip f5 toward said rear surface of the platen. In the operation of the platen the clip f3 is pressed into a holding engagement with the corresponding edge of the paper by contact with the easel f when the platen is in its closed position and the clip f5 is pressed away from the surface of the platen by a stop l which is positioned to engage the forward surface of the member f4 at the end of the opening movement of the platen.

Thus, when the platen is in the position shown in Fig. 10, the clips f3 and l5 will be suiciently projected to permit the ready insertion and/or removal of the paper. In the initial part of the movement of the platen toward its closed position the clip f5 will be freed from the pressure of the stop f6 and will immediately spring into holding engagement with the lower edge of the paper and further movement of the platen will cause the clip f3 to be pressed tightly against the corresponding edge o! the paper by engagement of said clip with the easel f.

The mechanism herein disclosed for moving the platen f1 away gom and toward the easel f, to thereby open and clos`e the paper holder F, and formoving the negative carrier H from the viewing station G to the printing or projecting station G1 and back to the viewing station, simultaneously with the opening and closing movements of the platen f1, comprises an actuating member, here shown as a bell crank lever whose arms, 42 and 43, are joined to each other at the pivotal point 43, together with operating connections, of a nature appropriate to the accomplishment of the several purposes of the invention between said operating member and negative carrier and platen. The member 42 provides a convenient handle to be operated manually, and the member 43 is pivotally connected, at 44, to the lower end of a link 45 whose upper end is pivoted, at 46, to

a, crank arm 41 which projects from and is fixedv to a shaft 49. From this shaft 48 a second crank arm, 49, projects and hasv its end opposite the shaft connected by a link 50 and a. short crank arm 5| to a projection 52 extending from the side of an arm 53 which is rigidly connected to and projects from the member h of the negative carrier. 'Ihis crank arm (see Fig. 7) has one of its ends pivotally mounted upon the projection 52 and in the operation of the mechanism swings about said projection and between two spaced stop pins 55 and 55 which are iixedly connected to the arm 53. It is engaged by a spring 54 whose tendency is to hold it yieldably against stop pin 55. This spring absorbs any vibration which may result from impact of the carrier with the flange 38 when the carrier has reached the position at which the image upon the negative is to be projected and also permits the additional movement of the operating lever necessary to illuminate the lamp I0, during which time the negative carrier becomes settled in its printing or projecting position, as hereinafter more particularly explained.

In practice, the shaft 48 extends horizontally across the apparatus and projects at both of its ends from the sides of the latter, and the described means for connecting one of its ends with one side of the negative carrier is duplicated at the other side of said carrier.

The connections for moving the platen f1 to open and close the paper holder F include a crank arm 56 one of Whose ends is iixedly connected to the shaft 49 and the other of whose ends is connected by a link 51 with a crank arm 58 which moves unitarily with a second crank arm 59, said arms 58 and 59 thereby providing, in effect, a bell-crank. This bell-crank has pivotal movement, at 60, about an appropriate shaft which extends through the junction of its two arms. 'I'he end of the arm 59 opposite the latter sha-ft is connected by a link, hereinafter described, With a crank arm 62 whose end opposite the link is attached to a shaft 63 (see Figs. 8 and 10) from which projects a crank arm 64 whose end opposite the shaft is connected by a link 65 with the platen f1. For a purpose, hereinafter explained, the link which connects the crank arms 59 and 62 with each other is so formed that it is longiludinally extensible and contractible and as here shown (see Fig. 8) is composed of two relatively adjustable members BI and 6 I held in their relatively adjusted positions by a hol-ding screw 6l" and connected With each other by a spring r 6i*l one of Whose ends is attached to the member 6| at 6Ib (Fig. 1) and the other of whose ends is attached to the member 6I' at lilc (Fig. 8). The tendency of this spring is to draw the two ends of the link toward each other while at the same time `it permits extension of the link automatically when the latter is subjected to a pull such as that which occurs in the focusing operation, during which operation the holding screw 6I" is slackened. The illustrated link 65., which connects the crank arm 64 with the platen f1,

comprises two telescopically arranged sections v with the side channels f3 and clip f5 in holding the sensitized paper immovable during the printing operation.

'Ihus it will be seen that when the operating member 42 is moved from the position shown in full lines in Fig. 1 to the position shown in dotted Ilf) .junction box J by wires 68a and 69a.

outline in said figure the negative carrier H and the platen f1 will be simultaneously moved to the respective positions shown in dotted outline, and that when said member 42 is moved in the opposite direction the negative carrier and platen will be simultaneously returned to their respective positions shown in full lines, and it will be seen that any vibrations resulting from impact to which the negative carrier and the platen may be subjected when they respectively reach a priniing position are absorbed and they are caused quietly to settle in their said priming positions, respectively.

The electrical current which illuminates the lamps l and 26 is derived from an appropriate source and enters the apparatus under control of a main switch I (Fig. 1) of suitable nature. This main switch is connected, through appropriate wires in a cable i, with a junction box J suitably connected with the lamps I0 and 26.

The swich K is interposed between the junction box J and lamp I0 and this switch includes a projection 66 which is arranged in the path of movement of a projection 61 extending laterally from the free end of the arm 43 of the operating member. The projection 61 is so arranged with respect to the projection 66 that it will not engage the latter to thereby close the switch and illuminate the lamp l0 until all danger of vibratory movement oi the negative carrier and platen, such as would tend to blur the image, has passed. A second projection, 66, which is shorter than the projection 66 makes contact with the projection 61 when the lamp is illuminated and at the instant the arm 43 commences its return movement its projection G1 acts upon the projection 6Ea and opens the switch K, thereby extinguishing the lamp I0. It will be noticed that the illumination of said lamp I0 occurs during that part of the movement of the operating mechanism which is beyond the point at which the negative carrier and platen have reached their final positions, and have become settled in their said nal positions, for the making of the print and that said lamp is extinguished in the initial part of the return movement of the arm 43 and before the negative commences its movement toward the viewing station. 'I'his initial portion of the return movement of the arm 43 is absorbed by the tensioned crank arm 5i on the negative carrier and by the spring and member 65a of the link connected to the platen of the paper holder, whereby the negative carrier and platen are held stationary and free from vibration until after the lamp I0 has been extinguished and the afterglow has been reduced to such an extent that it does not fog the paper. Blurring of the enlarged picture during the return movement of the negative carrier to the viewing station and the opening movement of the paper holder for the removal of the print is thereby prevented.

The switch K which I prefer to use is of that well known type known as mercury switch and its details, accordingly, need not be illustrated or set forh herein.

As shown best in Fig. 7, the circuit which illuminates the pilot light 2B includes a switch having a fixed contact member 68 and a movable contact member 69, suitably connected to the The movable Contact member 69 is carried by one of the arms 53 of the negative carrier and is arranged near the pivotal point of said arm, so that the circuit to the pilot light will be open at the beginning of the movement of the negative carrier from the viewing station to the printing or projecting station and closed at the end of the return movement of said carrier to the viewing station. l 5 For the adjustments of the apparatus in order that sharp images of one size may be produced from negatives of varying sizes the invention contemplates, as already stated, a correlation of the enlarging lens 22 and the paper holder F, and appurtenant elements such that said lens and paper holder may be moved unltarily in substantially parallel planes and also may be moved relatively in planes substantially at right angles with each other. The accompanying drawings illustrate alternate means for the movements stated. In one of said means both the unitary and relative movements are accomplished simultaneously by power derived from a common operating member and in the other of said means the unitary movement of the enlarging lens 22 and paper holder, and the elements appurtenant thereto, is brought about upon the operation of one operating element and the movement of the paper holder relatively to the enlarging lens is eiected by operation of a separate operating element.

In either case, the lens and its appurtenant parts, to wit, the chamber E, prism 24 and chamber 2| are supported by a platform Mwhich also supports a slide N to which the lower end of the paper holder F is fastened in an-y appropriate manner. The platform M is mounted to be raised and lowered, at the will of the operative, and in its said movements raises or lowers the chamber E and the paper holder and contracts or elongates the chamber 2|. The member f of the illustrated paper holder is provided with side members 10 having broad bases which engage the slide and the lateral edges of said slide are pro vided with suitable tongues 1I (Fig. 9) which traverse grooves 12 in guiding members 13 which are mounted upon and move with the platform and relatively to which the slide and the paper holder are movable toward and away from the chamber E and lens 22.

Means of any appropriate nature may be provided, if deemedV necessary, to assure that the paper holder will be centered with the optical axis of the apparatus and to take up any wear which may take place between the srooved guide 50 members 13 and the tongue 1I. A suitable means for the latter purpose comprises a plurality of grooved rollers 14 (Fig. 9) mounted in each of the grooves 12. These rollers are rotated about xed axes, respectively, and engage the corresponding tongues 1I. They are yieldably pressed against the sides of the tongues by appropriate springs 15. The rollers at either sideof the slide, as shown in Fig. 9, are preferably mounted in carriers 16 which may be moved by screws 11, or other appropriate adjusting elements in centering the slide, and hence the paper holder, and in taking up any wear which may occur between the slide and their guide rails.

Whether the movement of the paper holder relatively to the projecting system of the apparatus in the focusing operation is effected automatically upon movement of the operating member which also causes the projecting system of the apparatus and said paper holder to move unitarily, or whether said movement of the paper holder relatively to said projecting system is effected upon the operation of a separate operating member, means should be provided to hold the paper holder in its several positions. A suitable means for the purpose, shown best in Flg.1, includes a plate 18 which is attached to the upper surface of one of the guide rails 13 and a flexible member 19 which is attached -to one of the side members/18 of the paper holder and is provided with a projection to engage in any one of a plurality of openings 8| formed in said plate. The openings 8| are respectively arranged at the proper focal'points for the various sizes of negatives and in practice the sizes of the negatives to which they are respectively related preferably are indicated by appropriate indicia properly positioned in relation thereto. The masks also are, `preferably, correspondingly marked.

That typical embodiment of the invention in which the projecting vsystem and the paper hold-I er are unitarily and relatively adjusted from a common operating element includes two pairs of sliding racks 82 and 83, (Fig. 5). The racks 82 are carried by the platform M and are arranged at opposite sides thereof, and the racks 83 are carried by the slide N and are respectively arranged above and spaced from the racks 82. Mounted in the space between the pairs of racks are pinions 84 whose portions at the lower side of their respective axes engage the racks 82 and whose portions at the upper sides of their said axes engage the racks 83. These pinions are fixed upon a rotative cross shaft having an operating member 86 at one of its ends, preferably in the form of a wheel.

In the operation of changing the magnification to which the apparatus was previously set the operative releases the paper holder from the slide N by disengaging the projection 80 from the particular opening 8| into which said projection protr'udcd and then .turns the shaft 85, whereupon the racks 83 engaged with the upper portions of the pinions 84 are moved relatively to the platform M and away from or toward the projecting system according to whether the focus is to be lengthened or shortened. When in this movement the projection 80 is in registration with the particular opening 8| corresponding to the size of the particular negative from which 'an enlarged print is'to be made, said projection automatically snaps into said opening, and further rotation of the shaft is thereupon discontinued.

Movement of the shaft 85 also causes the racks 82 to be moved simultaneously and, through appropriate mechanism operatively related to said racks, causes the platform M and the 'slide N together with the chamber E, the prism 24 and the lens 22 to be raised or lowered, as the cas` may be, simultaneously with the movement of the slide N upon the platform M. In the illustrative embodiment of the invention the movement of the racks 83 and hence of the slide N upon the platform M and of the paper holder (which must be kept in the focal plane of the enlarged image) toward or away form the enlarging lens is at a constant speed. In such case, it is essential that the movement of the platform M, and consequently of the lens, toward or away from the negative must be at a varying speed, in order that the enlarged image will be sharply in focus in all the positions to which the paper holder is adform and a plurality of tracks 92, upon which said elements run in the movements of the platform, and each of which tracks is of a shape such that in the iirst part of the movement of the platform from the position at which the paper holder is closest to the lens (for a lower degree of magnification) the raising movement of the platform will be at a greater speed than in the later portions of its movement in adjusting for a higher degree of magnification. In the illustrative embodiment of the invention each of these tracks 92 is formed as a part of the stationary member 81 and is in the form of a groove which extends through a curved path which is gradually flattened from the front end of the track toward the rear, the shape of said curve being determined by the focal length of the lens with which the apparatus is equipped. The stationary members 81 in which these grooves are formed are mounted upon a support 88 which in practice is included in the base structure of the apparatus and the grooves are traversed by the elements' 9| which are suitably connected to the platform M and are preferably of a rotative nature to reduce friction.

The use of grooves to provide the tracks referred to is not essential but is advantageous since any tendency of the platform M to become unbalanced under the weight of the slide N and the paper holder F when the latter are in an extreme position of adjustment away from the lens is overcome thereby and hence the provision of means additional to the tracks for such purpose is unnecessary. In the illustrative embodiment, the undersurface of the platform is provided with four plates, 89, respectively arranged adjacent the corners thereof and connected with each other by longitudinal and transverse frame membersS and 98. These act to brace the construction and the members 90 provide a convenient means to which the racks 82 may be secured.

To maintain operative engagement of the elements 9| with the tracks 92 at all times, the outer surfaces of the plates 89 are arranged to have sliding contact with the inner surfaces o! the members 81 and longitudinal members 93 are provided at .opposite sides of the apparatus and are respectively connected to the upper ends of the plates 89 in the corresponding sides of the apparatus. These members 98 have their edges extended laterally beyond the side surfaces of the plates and they travel in sleeves 94 whose upper surfaces are secured to the undersurface of the platform M and whose undersurfaces are open and formed with inwardly projecting lips or flanges 95 which engage the undersurfaces of the members 98. v

Thus itwill be seen that I have provided mechanism of simple and practicable nature by which the platform M, together with the chamber E, chamber 23, lens 22, prism 24, slide N and paper holder F are unitarily raised or lowered and at the same time the slide N and paper holder F are moved, back or forth, relatively to the platform M, chamber E, chamber 23, lens 22 and prism 24by rotative movement given the shaft 85 by manual operation of the operating element 88; and it will be understood that the means for effecting the unitary and relative movements of the parts are so correlated that when the projection 80 of the paper holder has been brought into registration with the opening 8| corresponding to the particular size of negative for which the apparatus is being focused the paper holder will have been moved horizontally and relatively to the platform M and said platform M together with the paper holder and the projecting system of the apparatus will have been moved vertically to the position at which a sharp image will be projected from the particular size of negative for which the apparatus was thus focused, the enlarged image remaining practically the same size, regardless of the size negative to be enlarged.

The platform M and the parts mounted thereon should be guided in the up and down movements of said platform and parts. An appropriate means for this purpose comprises a post 96 which extends through an opening in the base member 83 and is guided by contact (at 97, Fig. 2) with the wall of said opening. The upper end of the post is formed to provide a shoulder 98 which is engaged by the lower surface of the platform M and against which the platform is held by a nut 99, a Washer 99' being preferably interposed between the nut and the platform. The post is thus rigidly secured to the platform.

Figs. ll and l2 disclose a, typical embodiment by which adjustment of the slide N, and hence of the paper holder F, which in the machine is carried by said slide, relatively to the projecting system is independently accomplished. In this embodiment hired racks Bell are arranged at'the four corners of the platform M and extend through the same. These racks are respectively engaged by pinicns liti mounted on cross shafts H32, one of which cross shafts is provided at its outer end with an operating handle ltd, and both of which cross shafts are provided with other pinions, IM, arranged to engage a slidable rack m5 mounted underneath and carried by the platform M. lt will be apparent that when the operating handle Ille is operated, the corresponding shaft itl. will be turned and its movement will loe transmitted to the other shaft M2 by the rack lllii and pinions iill. Rotation of the shafts tilt will cause the pinions lill, by their engagement with the hired racks itt, to raise lower the platform M and the parts mounted thereon. Each rack lll@ is preferably formed as an element or a post it@ which has a guiding function in the raising and lowering movements or said platform. The operating handle it is mounted to be turned relatively to a dial lill, which in practice should contain appropriate markings respectively positioned in accord with the sizes ci the negatives accommodated by the apparatus, to thereby indicate the extent of the movement to be given said handle to accord with the .focal point of the particular negative Whose image is to be projected. and said handle and dial are pro-` vided with appropriate elemenm cca-acting to hold the handle in its several positions of adjustment relatively to the dial. For the latter purpose, the dial is shown as provided adjacent each of its indicating points with an opening 08 and the handle has a projection |09 to enter any one of said openings, and said handle is made sufciently exible to permit its said projection to be withdrawn from any opening and to automatically enter any other opening in the movements of the handle relatively to the dial.

The slide N has its unders'urface provided with racks IIB which are respectively engaged by pinions Ill xed upon a cross shaft H2 having an operating knob or handle H3 at one of its ends.

Thus the platform M, projecting system and paper holder are unitarily adjusted by the handle |03 and the paper holder is adjusted relatively.

handle i lil. llhe paper holder and the means connecting it with the operating member e2 may be the same in both embodiments, and in both of said embodiments the co-acting projection 8B and openings 8l are provided to hold the paper holder releasably in its adjusted positions. It will be understood that these openings tl in the embodiment shown in Figs. 11 and l2 correspond in position to the openings |08 in the dial l0? and represent the points at which negatives oi different sizes will be sharply focused to produce prints of substantially the same size.

rlhe chamber A, which contains the lamp lll, is formed to permit a flow of air through it for Ventilating purposes without causing undue dissipation of the light from said lamp.` To this end, it is shown as provided with an air inlet opening liti at its lower end and an air outlet opening llt at one side of its upper end; and loetween the lamp and said outlet opening it is provided With loaile plates lll and spaced from each other and arranged to cause the air to traverse a circuitous path between the inlet opening and the outlet opening, thus preventing escape of light from the chamber A.

Mention is made ci the fact that the enlarging lens 22 is attached to 'the chamber E which contains the prism and that in practice provision is made for adjusting this chamber in all directions, namely, vertically, laterally, forward and bach and pivotally in order that it may be accurately centered in the optical axis of the apparatus.

.lifter it has been once set, in the assembling of the apparatus, it need not thereafter be again set or adjusted unless it becomes necessary to disassemble the apparatus for repair or cleaning. There are many direrent and obvious means for so adjusting the chamber E and hence I hafve considered it to be unnecessary to disclose any means for the purpose, in detail.

ln the operation. oi the apparatus shown in Figs. l.-lll, inclusive, the operative, having selected the negative to he enlarged and assembled the same with its appropriate mask in the negative carrier and having slacirened the screw tl" which holds together the members di and tl' oi the link included in the connection to the slide N (Fig. d), releases the' paper holder from the plate "it, by raising the projection @il from the hole 3l engaged thereby, and turns the shaft titi in the proper direction until the projection lill has registered with and snapped into the opening 8| corresponding to the size oi the negative which has been selected. In. this operation, the paper holder and the projecting system are moved unitarily up or down and at the same time the paper holder is moved back or forth relatively to the projecting system, as hereinbeiore explained. The movement of the slide N causes elongation or contraction, as the case may be, of the link composed of the members Si and Gl in accord with the position of said slide. When the apparatus has been thus focused, the screw 6l" is tightened to hold the link in the length to which it has been adjusted.

After the density of the negative has been observed by the aid of the pilot light in the viewing station, and the length of exposure determined, the operative pulls the handle 42 toward him and thereby moves the negative carrier away from the viewing station G' and also moves the movable member f1 of the paper holder F, upon which a sheet of sensitized paper has meanwhile been placed, to its closed position. 'I'he initial part of the movement of the negative carrier causes the pilot light 22 to be extinguished as hereinbefore explained. When the negative carrier has reached the position with relation to the exposure station at which the negative is to be illuminated for the making of a print therefrom, but not until after all vibration of said carrier and also of the movable member of the paper holder have been absorbed, as by the means hereinbefore set forth, the projection 61 on the member 43 will have been brought into contact with the projection 65 of the switch K so that the further movement of said handle 42 will cause the switch K to be partially rotated to the position shown in dotted outline in Fig. 1 and the circuit to the lamp l0 will be thereby closed. When the exposure has continued for the time determined the operative presses the member 42 rearward. The initial part of this movement causes the projection 6l to act upon the projection 65 of the switch K and thereby opens said switch and extinguishes the lamp I0. This occurs before the negative carrier H has commenced its movement from the exposure station and not until all danger of afterglow from the lamp l0 has been passed. Further rearward movement of said member 42 then returns the negative carrier to the ,viewing station and opens the paper holder F, whereupon the negative and mask may be removedfrom the negative carrier and the print from the paper holder. The apparatus is now ready for repetition of the foregoing operations.'

The procedure is the same in all respects with the apparatus exemplified by Figs. 11 and 12 except that the slide N and the projecting system are unitarily raised or lowered through the operation of the member I|3 and the slide isadjusted relatively to the projecting system through the operation of the handle H13.

Attention is called to the relative locations of the operating member 42, viewing station G and paper holder F, whereby all the operations may be conveniently carried out without requiring that the operative move from one place to another during any part of the complete operation. This, as well as all the other features hereinbefore set forth, contribute to speed and to the conservation of space.

From the foregoing the construction and operation, as well as the advantages of the instant invention, will be understood, and it will be noticed that the invention is not confined to the particular embodiments of its several features; and, in short, that the described features of the invention may be otherwise and variously embodied without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims.

I claimt- 1. A photographic printing apparatus comprising a relatively movable negative carrier and exposure station, a lamp operatively related to said station and adapted to emit a light having power sufficient to affect a photographically sensitized printing medium, and mechanism under 4control of the operative of the apparatus for effecting relative movements of the negative caryrier and printing station into and out of operative relationship with each other and for automatically illuminating the lamp after relative movementgof the carrier and station into operative relationship has been completed and automatically extinguishing the lamp before relative movement of said carrier and station out of their operative relationship begins.

2. A photographic printing apparatus comprising a relatively movable negative carrier and separate viewing and exposure stations, separate illuminating means at said stationsfrespectively. and mechanism under control of the operative of the apparatus for eiecting relative movements of the carrier and stations and for causing the illuminating means for the viewing station to be extinguished at the beginning of the relative movement of the negative carrier and said sta.

tion out oi' operative relationship with each other and to be lighted at the end of the relative movement of said carrier and station into their op` -erative relationship and also to cause the illumiarranged to absorb vibrations and to permit movement of the operating member beyond that required to move the negative carrier to its printing position.

4. A photographic printing apparatus comprising an exposure station, a lamp in operative relationship with said station, a movable negative carrier, control means for said lamp, and operative-controlled mechanism for moving said carrier into and out of operative relationship with said station and for operating the lamp-control means, said mechanism including an operating memberV and connections between said operating member and carrier, said connections having a spring-tensioned member arranged to absorb vibrations and to permit movement of the operating member additional to that required to move the negative carrier to its exposure position with respect to the printing station and said lamp-control means being arranged to cause the lamp to be illuminated by said'additional movement of the operating mechanism.

5. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim 4 in winch the lamp is of electrical nature and the lamp-control means comprises a pivotally mounted switch-member having spaced projections and an element which moves with the operative-controlled mechanism and is brought into contact with one of said projections upon the completion of the movement necessary to position the negative carrier in operative relationship Awith the exposure station and acts upon said projection to move said member and thereby close the circuit to the lamp during the additional movement of the operative-controlled mechanism and upon the other of said projections to return said switch-member to its former position and thereby open the circuit to the lamp.

6. A photographic printing apparatus comprising a negative carrier movable into and out of printing position and an operative-controlled mechanism for moving said carrier, including an operating member, a spring-tensioned arm pivoted tosaid can'ier, stop means for defining pivotal movement or said arm and connections bev75 tween said operating member and arm for swinging the latter.

7. A photographic printing apparatus comprising a station at which the negative is viewed, a second station at which the image thereon is projected, a lamp for the viewing station, a projecting lamp operatively related to the second station, a movable negative carrier, mechanism under control of the operative for moving said carrier from either of said stations to the other, and separate control means for said lamps, respectively, one of said control means being under control lof the mechanism by which the negative carrier is moved and the other being under control of said carrier.

8. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim "l, in which the means under control of the operative for moving said carrier is arranged to absorb vibrations which occur in the seating of the negative carrier at the second station and the control means for the propecting lamp is arranged to illuminate said lamp only when the negative carrier has become fully seated and is in a state of rest at said second station.

9. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim 7, in which the second station includes a member to be frictionally engaged by the negative carrier, the mechanism for effecting relative movement between the negative carrier and said station includes means yieldable to impact of the negative carrier and said member and the control means for the projecting lamp is arranged to cause said light to be illuminated only when vibrations resulting from such impact have ceased.

10. A photographic printing apparatus comprising separate viewing and exposure stations arranged -approximately at right angles with each other and each including a member having an arcuately curved outer surface, a negative carrier movable from one station to the other and engageable with said arcuately curved surfaces, and means under control vof the operative for moving said negative carrier in an arcuate path from either of said stations to the other.

11. A photographic printing apparatus comprising a source of illumination, a reflector at one side of said source of illumination a condensing system below the reflector, an enlarging lens beneath the condensing system, said condensing system being arranged in a chamber, means for directing the rays of light from the condensing system to the lens, including a chamber which is spaced from the condensing chamber to provide an exposure station therebetween, a viewing station arranged forward of the exp osure station, a movable negative carrier, means, including an operating member, for moving the negative carrier from the viewing station to the exposure station and back to the viewing station, and a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, said holder being arranged below the plane of the viewing station and said viewing lstation, holder and operating member being arranged adjacent each other.

12. In a photographic printing apparatus, the combination of a curved viewing station having a. pilot light, a curved exposure station, a projecting light operatively related to the exposure station, and a negative carrier having a curvature conforming to the curvature of the viewing station and exposure station, said stations and negative carrier being relatively constructed to form a. iight-tight connection between the carrier and the respective stations and said carrier being mounted to be movable pivotally from its seat in either station to its seat in the other station, at will.

13. A photographic printing apparatus, comprising a viewing station, a separate exposure station, a movable negative carrier, a separate holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, said holder comprising members which are movable relatively to each other to open and close'the same, and means under control of the operative of the apparatus, for simultaneously moving the negative carrier from the viewing station to the exposure station and closing the paper holder, and for simultaneously moving the negative carrier from the exposure station to the viewing station and opening the paper holder.

14. A photographic printing apparatus, comprising an exposure station, a negative carrier movable into and out of operative relationship with said station, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which the print is to be made, arranged substantially at right angles with the negative carrier while the print is being made, connections between said paper holder and negative carrier operative to open and close the paper holder and negative carrier, respectively, simultaneously with movement of the negative carrier out of andvinto the exposure station, an enlarging lens mounted beneath the exposure station and means for bending the rays of light from said lens and deflecting the same onto the paper in the holder.

15.`A photographic printing apparatus comprising a viewing station, an exposure station, a negative` carrier, meansfor moving the negative carrier from the viewing station to the exposure station, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which the print is to be made, projecting means operatively related to the exposure station and paper holder, and mechanism for adjusting the paper holder and projecting means unitarily toward and away from the exposing station along one path of movement and for-adjusting the paper holder, along another path of movement, toward and away from the projecting means.

16. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim 14 in which the mechanism for adjusting the paper holder and projecting means unitarily and for adjusting the paper holder toward and away from the projecting means includes a common operating member under control of the operator of the apparatus.

\ 17. A photographic printing apparatus comprising a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, projecting means and mechanism for adjusting the paper holder and the projecting means unitarily in one direction and relatively in another direction, said mechanism including an operating member under control of the operator of the apparatus for the unitary adjustment and a separate operating member under control of said operator for the relative adjustment.

18. A photographic printing apparatus comprising projecting means, an adjustable platform by which the same is supported, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, a slide mounted upon said platform and to Which the holder is attached and mechanism for adjusting said platform, projecting means and slide unitarily and for adjusting the slide relatively to the platform and projecting means.

19. A photographic printing apparatus comprising an exposure station, a negative carrier movable into and out of operative relationship with said station, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, arranged substantially at right angles with the negative carrier while the print is being made, means for projecting an enlarged image from a negative in said carrier upon the paper in said holder and mechanism under control of the operative for adjusting the projecting means and the paper holder unitarily and also for adjusting said projecting means and paper holder relatively in a direction substantially at a right angle with that of the unitary adjustment.

20. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim 19, in which the mechanism for adjusting the projecting and enlarging means and paper holder unitarilyl and relatively includes a common operating member for both of said adjustments.

21. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim 19, in which the mechanism for adjusting the projecting means and paper holder unitarily and relatively are arranged to be operated by separate operating members, respectively.

22. A photographic printing apparatus comprising projecting means, a platform by which the projecting means is supported, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a. print is to be made, a slide carried by said platform and to which the holder is attached, and mechanism, including racks and pinions, operatively related to the platform and slide and operative to adjust the platform, and thereby the projecting means, slide and paper holder, unitarily and also to adjust the slide, and thereby the paper holder, relatively to the platform and projecting means.

23. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim 22 in which the adjusting mechanism also includes a common operating member which is operatively related to said racks and pinions and by Whose movement both of said adjustments are simultaneously eifected.

24. A photographic printing apparatus comprising projecting means; a supporting platform for said projecting means; means to adjust said platform, including an operating member and co-acting pinions and racks operatively related to said member and platform; a paper holder, a support for the paper holder, slidably mounted on the platform; and means, including an operating member, a rack and a pinion, operatively related to said operating member and slide, for adjusting the slide relatively to said platform.

25. A photographic printing apparatus comprising projecting means; a supporting platform for said projecting means, having openings in its corners; posts extending through said openings and provided with racks; shafts having pinions engaging said racks; an 'operating member for rotating one of said shafts, means for communicating movement from the latter shaft to the other; a paper holder; a support for the paper holder, slidably mounted on the platform; a rack connected to said support; a pinion engaging said rack; and a second operating member for rotating said pinion to thereby adjust said support slidably upon said platform.

26. A photographic printing apparatus comprising projecting means, a platform by which the same is supported, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, a slide mounted upon said platform and to which ,the holder is attached, spaced racks respectively connected to said platform and slide, a pinion operatively engaged with said racks and arranged between the same, means for rotating said pinion to thereby simultaneously move the racks respectively in opposite directions, rearwardly and upwardly extending stationary tracks, and means connected to the platform and arranged to traverse said tracks.

27. A photographic printing apparatus comprising a negative carrier movable into and out of printing position, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, said paper holder adapted to be opened and closed, a slidably adjustable support for the paper holder and mechanism under control of the operator of the apparatus for moving said negative carrier into printing position and closing the paper holder, and out of printing position and opening said paper holder, said mechanism including a member which has connection with the slide and is longitudinally extensible and contractible in accord with the adjustability of the support.

28. A photographic printing apparatus according t-o claim 27, in which said longitudinally extensible and contractible member is of telescopic nature and is provided with a spring which is placed under tension by a force applied t0 lengthen the member and with a releasable means for holding it against the reaction tendency of said spring.

29. An apparatus for producing photographic enlargements of one size from negatives of different sizes comprising a viewing station, an exposure station, a negative carrier, means for moving said carrier from either of said stations to the other, a projecting means, an adjustable holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, focusing mechanism under control of the operator of the apparatus, including means for adjusting the paper holder toward or away from the projecting means and co-acting elements arranged to indicate the different positions f to which the paper holder should be set in accord With the different sizes of negatives to be projected.

30. An apparatus according to claim 29 in which said co-acting elements are relatively formed to stop the paper holder .at the predetermined setting thereof and to hold it against accidental displacement from said setting.

31. An apparatus according to claim 29 in which said co-acting elements comprise a series of openings and a yieldably supported projection arranged to enter any one of said openings.

32. An apparatus for producing photographic enlargements of one size from negatives of different sizes, comprising a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, projecting means, and focusing means under control of the operator of the apparatus and operable to adjust the projecting means and paper holder unitarily and also to adjust the paper holder relatively to the projecting means, said focusing mechanism being arranged to effect both said unitary and relative adjustments simultaneously and including an operating member and co-acting elements relatively arranged to engage each other automatically at the place in said adjustments which is in accord with the particular size of negative to be projected.

33. An apparatus according to claim 32 in which said cO-acting elements comprise a series Cil of openings respectively positioned in accord with different sizes of negatives to be projected and a spring-supported projection which moves with the paper holder and relatively to said openings and is releasably engageable with any one of the latter.

34. An apparatus for producing photographic enlargements of one size from negatives of diiferent sizescomprising a projecting means, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, means having 'an operating member under control of the operator of the apparatus for adjusting the projecting means and paper holder unitarily, a separate means including a second operating member under control of said operator for moving the paper holder relatively to the projecting means, said unitary and relative adjustments co-acting in the focusing of the apparatus, an indicator operatively related to said second operating member to disclose the various unitary adjustments of the paper holder and projecting means for the different sizes of negatives, respectively and corresponding indicating means operatively related to the slide to disclose the positions to which it should be set in accord with said different sizes of negatives.

35. An apparatus for producing photographic enlargements of one size from negatives of diiferent sizes comprising a projecting means, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, and mechanism for adjusting the projecting means and paper holder in accord with the different sizes of negatives to be projected; said mechanism including a rotative spring-tensioned operating member, a projection extending therefrom, connections between said handle and the projecting means and paper holder for adjusting the latter in accord with the movements of the handle, and a dial positioned adjacent the handle and having openings which are respectively arranged in accord with the adjustments for the different sizes of negatives and are selectively engageable by said projection.

36. A photographic printing apparatus including a negative carrier movable into and out of printing position, a paper holder having a member which is movable to open and close the paper holder, and mechanism for simultaneously moving the negative carrier into printing position and the movable member of the paper holder into closed position, said mechanism comprising an operating member, connections between the operating member and the negative carrier and connections between the operating member and the movable member of the paper holder, the latter connections inguding a spring-pressed member and a member co-actng therewith to absorb vibrations.

37. An apparatus according to claim 36 in which the paper holder is mounted upon a slide which is adjustable in the focusing of the apparatus and the connections between the operating member and the movable member of the paper holder includes a member which is longitudinally extensible or contractible in accord with the position to which said slide, and hence the paper holder, have been adjusted.

38. In a photographic printing apparatus, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, said holder comprising a stationary member and a member which is movable relatively to the stationary member to open and close the holder, said movable member having a side member to engage the lateral edge of the paper and a spring-pressed bottom member to engage said movable member to define the opening movement thereof.

40. A photographic printing apparatus according to claim 36 in which a stop is operatively related to the movable member of the paper holder to dene the opening movement of the latter, said stop being positioned to enable the springpressed member to absorb vibrations resulting from impact therewith.

4l. A photographic printing apparatus comprising projecting means, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, a slide carrying said paper holder, and adjustable means for centering said holder in the optical axis of the apparatus, said adjustable means including elements which exert spring pressure against one of the lateral edges of the slide and adjustable elements engaging the other lateral edge of the slide and operable thereon to hold the slide against the rst mentioned elements.

42. A photographic enlarging apparatus comprising a viewing station, an exposure station, a negative carrier movable from either station to the other, projecting means, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made and focusing mechanism operative to simultaneously adjust the paper holder and projection means relatively to each other at a constant speed and unitarily relatively to the exposure station at a varying speed.

43. A photographic enlarging apparatus comprising projecting means, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made and focusing mechanism operative to simultaneously adjust the paper holder and projecting means unitarlly and also relatively to each other, said mechanism including members having curved tracks and means co-acting therewith for directing the movements of the paper holder and projecting means in said adjustments thereof.

44. A photographic enlarging apparatus according to claim 43 in which the relative adjustment of the paper holder and projecting means is at aconstant speed and the curved tracks are gradually attened toward their rear ends to thereby cause the unitary adjustments of the paper holder and lens to be at a varying speed.

45. A photographic enlarging apparatus according to claim 43 in which the projecting means is mounted upon a vertically adjustable platform,

`the holder is mounted upon a slide which is carried by said platform and is horizontally adjustable thereon, the curved track is stationary and is traversed by an element having rotative movement about a stationary axis and which element is carried by the platform.

46. A photographic enlarging apparatus comprising projecting means, a platform by which the same is supported, a holder for the sensitized paper upon which a print is to be made, a slide mounted upon said platform and to which the holder is attached, spaced racks respectively connected to said platform and slide, a pinion operatively engaged with said racks and arranged between the same, means for rotating said pinion to thereby simultaneously move the racks respectively in opposite directions, stationary members having curved tracks and means carried by the platform and arranged to traverse said tracks.

47. A photographic printing apparatus including a relatively movable negative carrier and exposure station, a lamp operatively related to said station and adapted to emit a light having power suilicient to aiect a photographically sensitized printing medium, and means under control of the operative of the apparatus for effecting relative movement between the negative. carrier and exposure station and automatically lighting said lamp at a predetermined delayed period with respect to the relative movement of said carrier and station, the mechanism for effecting such relative movement between the negative carrier and the exposure station including means to absorb vibrations and cause said delayed illumination of the lamp until the carrier at said station is in a state of complete rest.

ANTHONY LUDWIG. 

